1. Sabatia angularis
2. Saccharum officinarum
3. Safflower
4. Sagina procumbens
5. Sagittaria sagittifolia
6. Sagittaria subulata
7. Sagittaria trifolia
8. Salicornia europaea
9. Salicornia virginica
10. Salix alba
11. Salix arbuscula

12.Salix aurita

13.Salix babylonica

14.Salix caprea

15. Salix cinerea

16.Salix fragilis

17. Salix glauca

18.Salix hastata

19.Salix herbacea

20. Salix lanata

21.Salix lapponum

22. Salix myrtilloides
23. Salix pentandra
24. Salix phylicifolia
25. Salix purpurea
26. Salix reticulata
27. Salix triandra
28. Salix viminalis
29. Salsola soda
30. Salvadora persica

31.Salvia aegyptiaca

32. Salvia aethiopis
33. Salvia africana-caerulea
34. Salvia africana-lutea
35. Salvia canariensis
36. Salvia dominica
37. Salvia glutinosa
38. Salvia hispanica
39. Salvia indica
40. Salvia lyrata

41.Salvia mexicana

42. Salvia officinalis
43. Salvia pratensis
44. Salvia sclarea
45. Salvia urticifolia
46. Salvia verbenaca
47. Salvia verticillata
48. Salvia viridis
49. Sambucus canadensis
50. Sambucus ebulus
51. Sambucus nigra
52. Sambucus racemosa
53. Samolus valerandi
54. Sanguinaria canadensis
55. Sanguisorba canadensis
56. Sanguisorba officinalis
57. Sanicula canadensis
58. Sanicula europaea
59. Sanicula marilandica
60. Santalum album

61.Santolina chamaecyparissus

62. Santolina rosmarinifolia
63. Sapindus saponaria
64. Sapium glandulosum
65. Saponaria ocymoides
66. Saponaria officinalis
67. Sarracenia flava
68. Sarracenia purpurea
69. Satureja hortensis
70. Satureja montana
71. Saururus cernuus
72. Saw-wort
73. Saxifraga aizoides
74. Saxifraga aspera
75. Saxifraga bryoides
76. Saxifraga cernua
77. Saxifraga cespitosa
78. Saxifraga cotyledon
79. Saxifraga granulata
80. Saxifraga hirculus

81.Saxifraga oppositifolia

82. Saxifraga rivularis
83. Saxifraga rotundifolia
84. Saxifraga stellaris
85. Saxifraga tridactylites
86. Scabiosa atropurpurea
87. Scabiosa ochroleuca
88. Scabiosa stellata
89. Scandix pecten-veneris
90. Scheuchzeria palustris

91.Schinus molle

92. Schoenoplectus lacustris
93. Schoenoplectus mucronatus
94. Schoenus nigricans
95. Schwalbea americana
96. Scilla bifolia
97. Scilla peruviana
98. Scleranthus annuus
99. Scleranthus perennis
100. Scleria terrestris
101. Scolymus hispanicus
102. Scolymus maculatus
103. Scoparia dulcis
104. Scorpiurus muricatus
105. Scorzonera hispanica
106. Scorzonera humilis
107. Scorzoneroides autumnalis
108. Scots pine
109. Scrophularia auriculata
110. Scrophularia marilandica
111. Scrophularia nodosa
112. Scutellaria alpina
113. Scutellaria galericulata
114. Scutellaria lateriflora
115. Secale cereale
116. Securigera varia
117. Sedum acre
118. Sedum album
119. Sedum dasyphyllum
120. Sedum sexangulare
121. Selaginella apoda
122. Selaginella rupestris
123. Selenicereus grandiflorus
124. Sempervivum arachnoideum
125. Sempervivum tectorum
126. Senecio congestus
127. Senecio elegans
128. Senecio glaucus
129. Senecio nemorensis
130. Senecio squalidus
131. Senecio sylvaticus
132. Senecio viscosus
133. Senecio vulgaris
134. Senegalia tenuifolia
135. Senna alata
136. Senna auriculata
137. Senna bicapsularis
138. Senna marilandica
139. Senna obtusifolia
140. Senna occidentalis
141. Senna sophera
142. Senna tora
143. Serapias lingua
144. Serratula tinctoria
145. Sesame
146. Sesamum indicum
147. Shepherdia canadensis
148. Sherardia arvensis
149. Sibbaldia procumbens
150. Sida cordifolia
151. Sida rhombifolia
152. Sideritis syriaca
153. Sideroxylon inerme
154. Sigesbeckia orientalis
155. Silaum silaus
156. Silene antirrhina
157. Silene armeria
158. Silene conoidea
159. Silene coronaria
160. Silene gallica
161. Silene noctiflora
162. Silene nutans
163. Silene rupestris
164. Silene virginica
165. Silphium asteriscus
166. Silphium laciniatum
167. Sinapis alba
168. Sinapis arvensis
169. Sisymbrium altissimum
170. Sisymbrium irio
171. Sisymbrium officinale
172. Sisyrinchium bermudiana
173. Sium latifolium
174. Sium sisarum
175. Smilax aspera
176. Smilax bona-nox
177. Smilax china
178. Smilax herbacea
179. Smilax laurifolia
180. Smilax pseudochina
181. Smilax rotundifolia
182. Smilax tamnoides
183. Smilax zeylanica
184. Smyrnium olusatrum
185. Solanum bahamense
186. Solanum campechiense
187. Solanum carolinense
188. Solanum diphyllum
189. Solanum dulcamara
190. Solanum incanum
191. Solanum lycopersicum
192. Solanum mammosum
193. Solanum melongena
194. Solanum nigrum
195. Solanum pseudocapsicum
196. Solanum trilobatum
197. Solanum tuberosum
198. Solanum virginianum
199. Soldanella alpina
200. Solidago altissima
201. Solidago caesia
202. Solidago canadensis
203. Solidago flexicaulis
204. Solidago rigida
205. Solidago sempervirens
206. Solidago virgaurea
207. Sonchus arvensis
208. Sonchus asper
209. Sonchus oleraceus
210. Sonchus palustris
211. Sonchus tenerrimus
212. Sophora tomentosa
213. Sorbaria sorbifolia
214. Sorbus aucuparia
215. Sorbus domestica
216. Sorrel
217. Sparganium erectum
218. Sparganium natans
219. Spartium junceum
220. Spearmint
221. Spelt
222. Spergula arvensis
223. Sphaeranthus indicus
224. Spinach
225. Spinacia oleracea
226. Spiraea tomentosa
227. Spiranthes cernua
228. Spiranthes spiralis
229. Spondias mombin
230. Stachys palustris
231. Stachys sylvatica
232. Staphylea trifolia
233. Stellaria graminea
234. Stellaria holostea
235. Stellaria media
236. Stellaria nemorum
237. Sternbergia lutea
238. Stewartia malacodendron
239. Stipa avenacea
240. Stipa pennata
241. Stone pine
242. Stratiotes aloides
243. Strychnos nux-vomica
244. Subularia aquatica
245. Summer savory
246. Suriana maritima
247. Sutherlandia frutescens
248. Swamp dewberry
249. Sweet pea
250. Swertia perennis
251. Symphoricarpos albus
252. Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
253. Symphyotrichum cordifolium
254. Symphyotrichum ericoides
255. Symphyotrichum laeve
256. Symphyotrichum novae-angliae
257. Symphyotrichum novi-belgii
258. Symphyotrichum puniceum
259. Symphytum officinale
260. Symphytum tuberosum
261. Symplocarpus foetidus
262. Syringa vulgaris
263. Syzygium aromaticum
264. Syzygium jambos
265. Syzygium malaccense

 

 

Salix matsudana

• Willow bark  (Salix spp.)

• In TCM: liǔ (S. babylonica, 柳) or shuǐ yáng (S. purpurea, 水杨)<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-read-12">
• Used for: pain relief (and is effective, obviously).
• Harmful effects: may include stomach upset, digestive system upset, itching, an increased risk of children developing Reyes syndrome, ulcers, stomach bleeding, and liver toxicity.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-213"><wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-wb-214"><wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-215"> (No better than aspirin, then.) Side effects from overdosing may include skin rash, stomach inflammation/irritation, nausea, vomiting, kidney inflammation, and tinnitus (ringing in the ears).<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-wb-214"> Willow bark can be anywhere from .% to .% salicin (the active ingredient).<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-wb-214">

 

Stevia rebaudiana

• Stevia  (Stevia rebaudiana)

• Used as a sweetener.
• Usually no side effects, but rare ones may include bloating, nausea, dizziness, muscle pain, and numbness.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-203">

 

Spinacia oleracea

• Spinach  (Spinacia oleracea)

• In TCM: bō (菠)<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-read-12">
• May contribute to kidney stone formation by increasing the amount of oxalate in the urine.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-201">

 

 

Salvia officinalis

• Sage  (usually Salvia officinalis, also Salvia lavandulaefolia, occasionally others )

• Also called: garden sage, common sage
• Used in: vaginal steaming, aromatherapy
• Claimed to: move blood and chi through physical and emotional obstructions, reduce loss of appetite, reduce flatulence, reduce stomach pain, reduce diarrhea, reduce stomach bloating, reduce heartburn, reduce overproduction of perspiration, reduce overproduction of saliva, reduce depression, reduce memory loss, reduce Alzheimer's disease, reduce painful menstrual periods, reduce excessive milk flow during nursing, and reduce hot flashes during menopause, (when applied topically) help cold sores, gum disease (gingivitis), sore mouth/throat/tongue, swollen nasal passages, and (when inhaled) reduce asthma.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Beneficial effects:

• May potentially improve learning, memory, and information processing for mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• May improve memory and attention.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Appears to remove cold sores slightly slower than medical products.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• May reduce "bad" cholesterol.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• May reduce symptoms of menopause, such as hot flashes.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• In one study, sage extract significantly reduced ultraviolet-induced erythema.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-193">

• Unproven effects:

• Not known if sage reduces lung cancer.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Not known if sage helps sore throats.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Not known for other conditions.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">

• Harmful effects:

• Salvia officinalis contains thujone. Thujone can be poisonous in sufficient doses, and can cause seizures, damage to the liver, and damage to the nervous systems. The amount of thujone varies with the species of plant, the time of harvest, growing conditions, and other factors.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• If pregnant or breastfeeding, the risk of thujone poisoning is especially high.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• For persons with higher risks of seizures, thujone is especially dangerous.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Sage may reduce blood sugar, affecting patients with diabetes and patients undergoing surgery.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) may affect estrogen-receptive growths, such as breast cancer, uterine cancer, ovarian cancer, endometriosis, or uterine fibroids.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Spanish sage (Salvia lavandulaefolia) might increase blood pressure in those with high blood pressure, while common sage (Salvia officinalis) might lower blood pressure in people with low blood pressure.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">
• Sage can cause drowsiness.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-WMDSage-192">

 

 

Sassafras albidum

• Sassafras  (Sassafras spp.)

• Used for: "blood purifying", promoting sweating and urination, pain relief and venereal disease<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-theherbbook-7"> joint pain and preventing colds and flus.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-194"> There is no evidence to support its use for these conditions.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-sassa-195">
• Harmful effects: Sassafras is poisonous, and even ml can be fatal. Side effects may include cancer, liver damage and miscarriages. Also, sweating and hot flashes. "High amounts can cause vomiting, high blood pressure, hallucinations, and more severe side effects. It can cause skin rashes when used on the skin."<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-sassa-195"> Sassafras had a long traditional use in the United States in foods, root beer, and tea. Sassafras was banned from interstate trade by the FDA in           because of its high safrole content after safrole was discovered to be carcinogenic.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-dietz-140"> Subsequently, sassafras has returned to the interstate food market after technology to remove safrole was implemented.

 

 

Serenoa repens

• Saw palmetto  (Serenoa repens)

• Extract of the fruit of a fan palm. Taken for BPH (benign prostatic hyperplasia) a.k.a. Getting up           times at night to piss. Some studies assert its effectiveness. Has been suggested as a treatment for male pattern baldness, mainly since finasteride, the first-line treatment for MPB, is also effective against BPH. Evidence for the latter use is inconclusive, so if you're losing your mane, finasteride and minoxidil remain your best bets.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-196">

 

 

Senna alexandrina

• Senna  (Senna alexandrina)

• Effective for: constipation<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-senna-197">
• Harmful effects: Short-term use may cause stomach discomfort, cramps, and diarrhea.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-senna-197"> Long-term use (over two weeks) can stop the bowels from functioning properly and cause dependence; it may also cause heart function disorders, muscle weakness, liver damage, and other side effects.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-senna-197">

 

• Siberian ginseng (Eleutherococcus senticosus) See Eleuthero

 

• Skullcap: See American skullcap, Chinese skullcap. European skullcap is used there as a substitute for American skullcap, and has similar ingredients.

 

• Soursop  (Annona muricata)

• A tropical fruit touted as a "wonder cure" for cancer.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-198"> Despite some promising results, there are no definite conclusions in this area.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-199"> There are, however, definite indicators of a neurotoxic effect, with symptoms similar to Parkinsonism.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-200">

 

 

Silybum marianum

• Milk thistle  (Silybum marianum)

• Used for: liver, stomach, gall bladder and spleen problems,<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-theherbbook-7"> and sometimes for irritable bowel syndrome.
• Harmful effects: may include diarrhea, nausea, bloating, gas, and upset stomach.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-157">

 

 

Scutellaria lateriflora

• American skullcap  (Scutellaria lateriflora)

• Also called: blue skullcap, mad dog skullcap
• Claimed to: Be good for tension, anxiety, insomnia, neurasthenia, panic, headaches, fatigue, depression, melancholy, convulsions, jerking muscles, epilepsy, wobbliness, heart trembles, depression, arthritis, fever, snake bites, diuresis, sedation, increasing vigor, rabies, and for PMS when used with chaste tree (Vitex agnus-castus ) or false unicorn (Chamaelirium luteum ).<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-theherbbook-7"><wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-15">
• Research: Not much research has been done on the herb, so these claims can't be evaluated.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-skull-16">
• Harmful effects: High doses can cause giddiness, stupor, mental confusion, twitching, irregular heartbeat, and seizures.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-skull-16"> American skullcap has, on occasion, been contaminated with germander, which can cause liver damage.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-skull-16"> American skullcap has been implicated in some cases of liver damage.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-17">

 

dried flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum

• Cloves  (Syzygium aromaticum)

• In TCM: Dīngxiāng, 丁香.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-read-12"> It is used for nasal polyps, ulcers, cracked nipples, carious teeth, and scorpion stings.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-stuart-5">
• In Western herbal medicine: topical anesthesia in pre-modern dentistry. Also used as an antimetic and antiseptic.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-theherbbook-7">
• Harmful effects: Large amounts of cloves or clove oil may cause nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, burns in the mouth and throat, sore throat, seizures, difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, sleepiness, intestinal bleeding, and liver or kidney failure.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-cloves-67"> More serious side effects may occur in children, even when small amounts are used.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-cloves-67"> "Excessive application of undiluted clove oil on or near the teeth may cause irritation or damage to the gums or mouth and may damage the dental pulp, the soft core of the tooth, made up of living soft tissue and cells. … Undiluted clove oil may cause skin irritation, rashes, or even burns. Clove oil can cause blindness in laboratory animals, so keep clove preparations away from the eyes."<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-cloves-67">

 

 

Symphytum officinale

• Comfrey  (Symphytum officinale)

• Usage: pain relief, secretion reduction, soothing and softening tissues, bleeding reduction, cooling and wound healing; it is used internally for stomach problems and topically for wounds.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-theherbbook-7"> Several randomized controlled trials have confirmed efficacy for treatment of pain, contusions and sprains.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-76">
• Harmful effects: Can cause liver damage leading to cancer and death.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-comfrey-77"> Comfrey contains compounds called pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), which have been shown by animal studies to cause liver tumours, so the plant may also cause cancer in humans. In humans, comfrey has been associated with veno-occlusive liver disease.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-78"> Even topical use may lead to a dangerous build-up in the body of some of the herb's poisonous substances, so long-term use is not advised.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-comfrey-77"> Oral comfrey products are banned in the U.K., Australia, Canada, and Germany.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-comfrey-77"> Due to the danger of PA, only commerically-produced PA-free comfrey products should be consumed.

 

 

Sida cordifolia

• Country mallow  (Sida cordifolia)

• Not enough research to evaluate efficacy.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-mallow-79"> Used in Ayurvedic medicine.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-80">
• Harmful effects: Country mallow contains ephedrine, which is also found in ephedra, and may cause ephedrine-related side effects like high blood pressure, heart attacks, muscle disorders, seizures, strokes, irregular heartbeat, loss of consciousness, and death.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-81"><wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-mallow-79"> Other side effects may include dizziness, restlessness, irritability, insomnia, headache, lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, flushing, tingling, difficulty urinating, kidney stones, and pounding heartbeat.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-mallow-79"> May make anxiety, thyroid problems, and angina worse.

 

Senecio vulgaris

• Groundsel  (Senecio vulgaris)

• Claimed to: be an "Anthelmintic; Antiscorbutic; Diaphoretic; Diuretic; Emmenagogue; ... Poultice; Purgative", and claimed to be good for stomach problems and worms.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-120"><wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-groundsel-121"> There is not enough evidence to evaluate these claims.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-groundsel-121">
• Groundsel is very toxic, and can cause liver damage, cancer, and birth defects.<wiki/List_of_medicinal_plants#cite_note-groundsel-121"> It should not be used.